Sierra Leone is bordered on the north-west, south west and north-east simply by the Republic Guinea, on the south-east by the Republic of Liberia and on south-west by simply the Atlantic Water. It has a good area of 27, 925 square mls. The colony involving Sierra Leone originated in the sale and even cession in 1787 by native chiefs to English settlers of the piece involving land intended as being a home for Photography equipment settlers who had been waifs in London and even later it seemed to be used as some sort of settlement for liberated African slaves. The hinterland was declared a British Protectorate on 21st September, 1896. Sierra Leone attained independence upon 27th April, 61 and became some sort of Republic in 1971. Education is presented by both personal and state-sponsored institutions. The current program of education is 6-3-4-4 (that is six years Principal school, three years Youngster Secondary School, four years Senior Secondary School and 4 many years tertiary/higher education. This particular system is accompanied by non- elegant education.
CONCEPT OF SCHOOLING
Education is definitely frequently employed in the sense of instruction in the classroom, laboratory, workshop or perhaps domestic science room and consists principally within the imparting simply by the teacher, and even the acquisition by pupils, of info and mental as well as manual skills. A wider meaning than instruction is that regarding schooling. That is to say just about all that goes in inside the school as part of typically the pupil’s life right now there. It provides, among additional things, relationship among pupils and professors, pupils and learners both in and even outside the college. M. S. Mill (1931) opined that whatever helps to condition the human becoming; to make the particular individual what he is or impede him from being what they are not necessarily is part of the education. Implicitly education is lifelong in addition to ubiquitous; it’s the amount total of just about all influences which move to come up with a man or woman what they are, by birth to dying. It includes the house, our neighbors, plus the street among other people.
Education is to some extent a new deliberate planned method devised and conducted by the educator using the purpose regarding imbuing the spanish student with certain information, skills, of head and body as well as modes of behavior regarded as desirable. In portion is it doesn’t learner’s own response to the atmosphere in which they lives. Education provides three focal details: the individual/person on whom the educator’s influences are brought to bear; the particular society or group to which he or she belongs; and the particular whole context regarding reality within which often the individual and society play their part. Man is usually a social beast; he grows like a person through the impact of character on personality; plus even for their basic physical needs he depend upon which aid and cooperation regarding his fellow adult men and women. With out society and typically the mutual support plus enrichment of experience which it gives you world is impossible in addition to the life associated with man, in Hobbes’ words, is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. “
One of the fundamental facts regarding human existence is definitely the tension between pull of the particular past and the forward urge in to the future, among stability and modification, tradition and advancement. For effective living, man has to have a group of friends of security, a great area of recognized habits and relationship which forms dependable relationships. fue is usually also true associated with society. For their effective functioning presently there must be an underlying continuity of traditions and outlook which preserves its id as a culture and safeguards it contrary to the disruptive effects of change. Transformation must be for a lifetime and not static but this modify in turn need to be controlled by simply the basic traditions of society. It is tradition which provides a nation the character and distinctiveness as a society. The conservation of tradition therefore is usually obviously crucial.
It has been acknowledged from time immemorial that the preservation of traditional schooling has a crucial part to perform in the advancement the child. Typically the children these days are the particular adults of down the road; they must be trained therefore, to inherit and perpetuate the beliefs and ways of life distinct to the certain society to which usually they belong. With regard to every society has got the desire to maintain itself not just physically but since local community consciously sharing selected aims, ideals in addition to patterns of conduct. This type associated with education is not necessarily formal in schools by means of class room instruction but that will effected indirectly via the family and even with the impact in the individual regarding social influences and customs which the child cannot avoid. In Sierra Leone this social education and learning included elaborate ceremonies of initiation regarding feats of stamina in which young males and women must prove themselves worthy of the community. The ultimate goal was to produce an individual who was honest, respectful, qualified, cooperative, and which could comply with the social order associated with the day. As Aristotle once mentioned “the constitution associated with a state will suffer if education and learning is neglected. The citizens of a new state should usually be educated to fit the constitution with the state. The sort of character appropriate to a metabolic rate is the force which continues to sustain it as that is also typically the state force which in turn originally created it” (p. I).
STANDARD EDUCATION IN CULTURE
Traditional education features both a creative and even conservation function throughout society; it is a strong means of protecting a society’s practices, if not tradition. In past times the nature and needs of society played part in determining the size of education. Professor Michael. V. C. Jeffreys (1950) once published in his publication, Glaucon, that “in a tranquil community the educational system will certainly often reflect the particular social pattern, when social uneasiness plus instability create chance for using education as an device of social change”(p. 7). A related view was contributed by John Dewey (1897) who opined that through education and learning society can make an unique purposes, may organize its very own means and solutions and thus conserve itself with definiteness and economy in the direction in which in turn it wishes to be able to move. Education appearance both to the earlier and the upcoming; inevitably it shows the traditions in addition to character of community. Traditional education enables you to prepare for alterations in society plus anticipate and prevent adjustments or the effects of changes in community.
Traditional education sustains and hands about the customs and ways of living which constitute the character of a community and maintains their unity. It also helps society to be able to interpret its features in new ways in order to meet the challenges of change, searching for ways or outlines of development which can be consistent with typically the traditions and practices and will at the same time raise society to a more complete happiness of itself.
TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS WITHIN SIERRA LEONE
History reveals that at this time there were no formal schools where children were educated within Pre-colonial Sierra Leone. The Poro and even Bondo/Sande Secret Organizations were thought about while institutions to train kids. They were bush schools. And the education these bush schools provided seemed to be informal. Children who went through these secret societies were considered able to carrying out and about their civic obligations. They became grownups and can marry and start lifestyle. They considered by themselves as one family. In other words the two Secret Societies created a sense of comradeship and unity amongst members irrespective of family, clan or even ethnic affiliation. It was therefore considered that children who had not been through these secret communities were not completely matured.
The Poro Secret Society is definitely for boys. The particular spiritual head involving the Poro Community is Pa Gbonu, seen only by the older graduates or even members. The bodily heads are the Pa Sama Yorgbors and Pa Somanos. They direct typically the activities in the establishment. The senior instructors are the Pennsylvania Kashis, who usually teach and give instructions to additional initiators. The Pennsylvania Manchiyas serve as instructors to the starts while the Kachemas are the scaring spirits. They scare the particular women and kids alike along with the brand new initiates. The Rakas are the charge boys carrying text messages around. The Yambas are the brain boys. The Bomos will be the senior prefects even though the Sayboms usually are the prefects; in addition to the monitors are the Gbanaboms. Informal classes are held in the Secret Poro Rose bush. The subjects taught include Creative Useful Arts, Performing Arts, Practical Agriculture, Medicine i. e. usage of local herbs for the treatment of diverse ailments), warfare and other skills. Inside Creative Practical Martial arts initiates are educated how to help to make fishing nets, baskets, mats, and etching wood and soap stones into distinct objects such as animals and people; in Performing Disciplines initiates are educated singing, dancing and even the use regarding Poro musical instruments. In Practical Cultivation initiates practice farming. Boys are taught to bear hardship with no complaint and increase used to it. Therefore they may be taken to be able to the farms regarding their teachers and elders to function on pro bono basis. However in the course of the harvest time initiates could move across these farms getting whatever they will need and eat without being questioned by farm owners. Initiates are taught to be able to respect elders in addition to use of weapons to kill pets. In a comparable vein initiates are taught how to be able to use guns in fighting in security of their areas. Other skills starts are taught incorporate making fish blocks, fishing and looking net, and basketry. Within the use involving herbs initiates shell out money (some widely given) for recovery various sicknesses and with protection against foes, evil spirits and snake bites. Initiates who wish to cause harm to others employing herbs could ‘redeem’ the herb/medicine worried. Over all starts are taught a new new Language voiced only by people called Ke Sornor. For example fonka trika meaning I am talking to an individual; fonka bonomi which means Discuss. The employ of this new Language makes participants very proud and even feel different by non-initiates. Graduates come out with new names such because Lamp, Langba in addition to Kolerr. A graduation ceremony climaxes typically the event.
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